Scientific study of social influences young people to use mobile phone
Thursday, March 29, 2012
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cell phone , mobile phone , phone , mobile
Dr. Abdulwahab quality, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Ain Shams - Arab Republic of Egypt a field study on the uses of young mobile phone, and completed a study on several axes can be displayed as follows: -
First: The objective of the study: The importance of the study in an attempt to understand and explain the interrelationships between the phenomenon of mobile phone use and the social construction of the Arab Cultural; and stand on the ways and habits of individuals use the phone, put appropriate proposals to guide the rational uses of destination. Second, the research problem: the research problem identified in the President the following question, "What social influences to use the mobile phone I have a young university?". To answer the main question the study is trying to answer the following sub-questions: -
1 - What is the use patterns of Arab university students mobile phone? 2 - What justification for the use of Arab university students mobile phone? 3 - What does the use of university students mobile freedom from local places? 4 - What is the relationship between the use of mobile and social differentiation among the young? 5 - What the effects of mobile phone usage on family relationships for young people? 6 - To use the phone what is the relationship of alienation among young people? 7 - What the impact of mobile phone usage on the system of social values among young people? 8 - What patterns of young people use the phone in the field of education? Education and its effects? Third, the theoretical framework of the study: The study different visions of the modern communication technology and social change; especially the entrances of modern input of globalization and information technology, and postmodernism, to illustrate the interrelationships between cultural context and technology, and power relations; and visions put forward on the uses of the mobile phone world; also benefited The study of the theoretical heritage available on the phenomenon of mobile use. Fourth, the methodology of the study procedures The study relied on the entrance Alsosaoantrbulogi using descriptive analytical method (quantitatively and qualitatively) in the study of the dimensions of the phenomenon of using a mobile phone, and the extent of their impact on the social life of the Arab university youth. To achieve the objectives of the study follow the researcher several systematic procedures represented in the following steps: - 1 - Data Sources: The study relied on two main sources to obtain the data and facts necessary to achieve the objectives; the primary source of human, representing the students University of Ain Shams, Egypt and the Sultan Qaboos in the Sultanate of Oman as a community survey; also included university students of different Egyptian, which was observed Methods their use of mobile phones during their attendance at training camp preparing leaders in Helwan during the past four years, as well as during meetings of youth gathered in various universities; in addition to experience the Arab university students during the month of March of each year during their participation in the festival days people in Ain Shams University; as inspiration behind Researcher Data and observations of college students through the Syrian Maisthm 17-day Syria in July 2005 during his presidency of the Egyptian Cultural Delegation to the University of Aleppo [*]. The second source: Documentary (symbolic), represented in the texts and SMS and traded among young people; where they were assembling a text message 1380, including 850 young people a message from Egyptian 0.530 a text message from Egyptian Arab youth Ir. 2 - the research community: The survey sample was limited to only two combined: Ain Shams University in Egypt, and Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. As for the other Arab societies above mentioned, where the researcher was limited to interviews and direct observation and group discussions only. 3 - Sample Search: adopted a survey on the method of sample is intentional (not probability) in the selection of vocabulary, using my way of quota and snowball in the selection of vocabulary, which takes into account the representation of the sample to all colleges, scientific, literary, as well as all the teams academic Paljamotain place of the survey; and get on the vocabulary By knowing the students and the nomination of mobile phone users, provided that the move to its procurement at least 6 months; The sample size was 569 single. 4 - Methods and tools: to achieve the objectives of the research, the study was not limited to survey instrument (questionnaire), but also varied instruments to collect facts and data, as represented in the following: - A - way the social survey, using the questionnaire, designed newspaper questionnaire included five components: the first relates to the data infrastructure; and II: the patterns of use of university students of the phone; and the third is the rationale for their use to him; and fourth: the alienating social and cultural rights of the phone;and last: the effects of phone use on the rules of the educational system. B - How to focus discussion groups, where it was held 8 groups Focal Ain Shams University in February 2005, and 8 groups were held at Sultan Qaboos University in October 2005, use them to ensure collective discussion guide included four axes patterns of phone use, and effects of different. T - Method of direct observation: the researcher adopted the two types of simple observation and mentoring of many of the students within the university, and during the implementation of the activities of student activities, and youth camps long; Note in addition to student behaviors within the lecture halls. W - open interviews, group discussions: the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with many of the students of Egyptian and Arab universities which his presence was made available to them; addition to the dialogues and discussions with students during the lectures. C - content analysis using the method to read the text: it was analyzed the content of text and picture messages that have been collected and categorized in order to see patterns and meanings that are reflected to reveal the values and orientations of university students. 5 - Plan field study and data analysis: After determining the goal of the study and the systematic development of the plan it, and develop tools to collect information, the researcher began to collect data, facts and observations Alamberiqih. The survey was carried out on the two time periods, where the first phase was implemented in the Ain Shams University, during the period from November 2004 until March 2005. The second phase has been implemented during the period from September to October 2005 after the transfer of a researcher to work at Sultan Qaboos University. During the period from 2004 to 2005 and the researcher was able to collect data and observations of many, about the usage patterns of university youth Arab mobile phone and various effects. Either the data analysis, the researcher used the SPSS statistical system in the analysis of data, depending on the methods of descriptive analysis (the relative weights for all variables), and the use of simple descriptive comparison between the Egyptian youth and youth markets. Sixth, the final results: The study concluded to a culture of mobile phone I have a young Arab, the culture that formed gradually its elements the material of devices and technologies different, and the normative elements of style uses diverse, and Toukatadth and reflected in the standards, values, attitudes and knowledge, and the pose of the conscience , and their effects on social structure. This can be illustrated in the following points: - 1 - on the level of young people use the phone: The study found the rule to use university students of the phone, and follow up on all new phones in the world, tracking the various advanced techniques and use them. As it turns out that the mobile phone has led to change the style of interaction and social communication between individuals, through phone calls and conversations, and communicate via Instant different forms, Kaltrussel script, and multicast communication multimedia with text, shapes and forms, video clips and Internet; which led to the the formation of a culture of mobile messages between individuals, especially young people.The study found that drivers use the phone in the social interaction is determined to communicate with friends and family, keeping notes, and arrange appointments, time management, leisure and entertainment and full of leisure time, and pride and to uphold the self, and follow-up news and events. Shows the predominance of negative character on the use of Arab youth of the phone, where the focus is on the beneficial uses, and talks love and emotional, especially through text messages. 2 - at the level of social influences: The study revealed the existence of the effects of social and cultural uses of university students of the mobile phone, including what is positive is to confirm the communication between the family and children, and the ability to follow and they are outside the home, especially girls, and the family's ability to exercise social control; However, the effects of negative social nature of mobile phone use was the most obvious among Arab university students, where it became clear the following: - A - reformulation of family relations, as a result change the rules and standards control of social behavior among family members in both societies, has been represented in the violation of traditional rules of behavior of the family, which enabled the mobile phone to facilitate talks between the young people of both sexes without the knowledge of the family, at times late into the night After the immortality of the parents to sleep, and the absence of siblings, especially adult males; and helping to spread lies among young people and their families, and raise doubts among everyone, in addition to the reporting of news, disclosing the secrets of the family to the others, which led to a lot of tensions family. B - increase the degree of social alienation among young university, and isolation for driving the general social, Bankvaúh self, and unite with his mobile, and reduced social relations to less limited number of friends, especially friends, and communicate with them on the clock, and stay away from those around friends and colleagues, and even family members, which led to the weakness and Dialogues necessarily personal, social interactions and face-to-face, and the loss of the social significance of the social sessions, even within the family, and then the loss of social sociability. C - Increase the shift in patterns of social values, and contribute to the values of capitalism, those values that are calling for individual, professional, and interest in profit, or gain quick easy, and attention to appearance, and away from the collective values, and traditional.Has allowed the spread of mobile ad valorem system mounting among young university community study, both characterized by the values of the attention and emphasis on phenotypic and pride, social and flaunt, and the tendency to consumption Albzkhi and recreation, and the tendency to borrow, debt, loss of values of rationalization. D - the prevalence of types of aberrations and aberrant behaviors that fall outside the rules of public taste, fitness and social, behavioral Calanhrav, and resort to the publication of false news, and traded among themselves, and polluting the reputation of other peers and professors. E - Freedom of places and local environments, and ease of movement outside the community. Has enabled mobile phone - a means of communication - individuals from communication and social interaction over long distances, in any place and time, and overcome all barriers and spatial emancipation of them, and not feel alienated, or social isolation, and bear periods of absence from the family, during the study, or during long flights , especially the Omani society as a result characterized by terrain and rugged mountains, and the distances between places, and the presence of the vast majority (more than 90% of university students) alienated from their families. 3 - The effects of educational level: the field study ended to the existence of positive effects of the mobile phone within the education system, and the other negative. And demonstrated positive effects in the confirmation of communication between students and each other, and communicate with the university administration, particularly among students of Sultan Qaboos University, and communicate with faculty members, to inquire about some of the problems of education, and know the results of examinations. The negative effects in the educational field, which revealed by the study, was in violation of the rules of the educational system, and are: reformulation of the general rules of social behavior on campus, and the tendency to follow the behavior give rise to nuisance, and not taking into account the public taste. As it turns out violation of young people to the rules of the educational system, and overcome the existing rules in an academic, particularly with regard to breaking the rules dealing and respect within the classroom, where the preoccupation of the majority of the students, but autism phone during a lecture, and isolation from the professor, and send and receive messages, and exchange of information and Never Ending and jokes among them, which led to the low level of academic achievement of students. In addition, to help spread the phenomenon of cheating in examinations, and devising new ways to relay and receive answers to exam questions without the knowledge of others, especially after the creation of a modern IT services "Kalplotot." - Proposals: Based on the previous view, and based on previous findings, it is clear the impact of the cultural context of local social and global spread and facilitate the culture of using the mobile phone I have a young Arab, that context which is characterized by development and the rapid growth of technology and in terms of information; in addition to the growth trends of capitalism and the spread of corporate capitalism in the field of communications and the search for mechanisms renewed to appeal to and attract the largest number of consumers to their services, thus enhancing the culture of consumption, particularly in the area used the young people of the mobile phone that, and made available from the privacy and freedom of an integrated communication and social interaction; this situation requires the concerted efforts of different counter the effects of those phenomena; and addressed the negative effects of the use of technology, particularly the means of communication must consider the following: - 1 - the need to allocate units or departments within the research centers of social and educational measures, to monitor cultural phenomena - emerging social, associated with social change, technological progress, Kalmalomatah, and the Internet, mobile phones, and engineering Genetic .. etc; and diagnosis effects Almtpadrh between these phenomena and elements of constructionsocial, and their impact on individuals, and provide immediate solutions to cope with their effects, and a culture of integrated aspects about the rationalization of their uses. 2 - the need to hold conferences and scientific seminars will discuss the developments Altknolologih and their impact on the social construction Bnzation different, and identify different ways to rationalize the use and the possibility of reducing their effects, and contribute to the formulation and dissemination of culture positive about the technology, and to maximize the benefit from them, especially in the field of education and training. 3 - The importance of completing the scientific meetings to formulate the Charter of the Arab over an Arab mobile phone use, particularly among adolescents and young adults, and determine the necessary rules to limit the use of the Poor, and dangers of negative ethics, standards and system of social values. 4 - the formation of a positive culture in relation to the rationalization of the use and guidance of individuals to exploit mobile phone and best use, and strengthen its role in social interaction. Requires the elimination of this situation, the development-oriented culture; culture is characterized by dynamic, flexible, and the power of influence and persuasion, and the ability to illustrate the devastating effects of the misuse of the phone. In order to acquire culture, these qualities must be based on scientific grounds, and relies on activating the role of institutions entrusted with the task of producing culture, and government institutions, religious institutions and civil society organizations Kalahzab, trade unions, NGOs, voluntary bodies believe in the need to confront the negative impacts of the use of technology 5 - the need to develop a set of procedures and rules governing the use of mobile phone interaction and social communication within the education system, particularly with regard to their use in the classroom and during lectures, during the tests, and the reduction of fraud (fraud, mail, or cell phone), as well as determine its use, and to avoid random noise and social interaction on campus. Eighth: The references and footnotes: 88 reference, of whom 4 References Arab .84 foreign reference. [*] Was the researcher responsible for the overall supervision of the care sector of youth and students at Ain Shams University during the period from 2002 until the end of 2005 and is responsible for all meetings and local and international festivals held or shared by the university, which was made available his notes Amberiqih great about the phenomenon. Posted by d. Abdulwahab quality Hayyes 1:30 in the labels: the social impacts of mobile phone use
Dr. Abdulwahab quality, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Ain Shams - Arab Republic of Egypt a field study on the uses of young mobile phone, and completed a study on several axes can be displayed as follows: -
First: The objective of the study: The importance of the study in an attempt to understand and explain the interrelationships between the phenomenon of mobile phone use and the social construction of the Arab Cultural; and stand on the ways and habits of individuals use the phone, put appropriate proposals to guide the rational uses of destination. Second, the research problem: the research problem identified in the President the following question, "What social influences to use the mobile phone I have a young university?". To answer the main question the study is trying to answer the following sub-questions: -
1 - What is the use patterns of Arab university students mobile phone? 2 - What justification for the use of Arab university students mobile phone? 3 - What does the use of university students mobile freedom from local places? 4 - What is the relationship between the use of mobile and social differentiation among the young? 5 - What the effects of mobile phone usage on family relationships for young people? 6 - To use the phone what is the relationship of alienation among young people? 7 - What the impact of mobile phone usage on the system of social values among young people? 8 - What patterns of young people use the phone in the field of education? Education and its effects? Third, the theoretical framework of the study: The study different visions of the modern communication technology and social change; especially the entrances of modern input of globalization and information technology, and postmodernism, to illustrate the interrelationships between cultural context and technology, and power relations; and visions put forward on the uses of the mobile phone world; also benefited The study of the theoretical heritage available on the phenomenon of mobile use. Fourth, the methodology of the study procedures The study relied on the entrance Alsosaoantrbulogi using descriptive analytical method (quantitatively and qualitatively) in the study of the dimensions of the phenomenon of using a mobile phone, and the extent of their impact on the social life of the Arab university youth. To achieve the objectives of the study follow the researcher several systematic procedures represented in the following steps: - 1 - Data Sources: The study relied on two main sources to obtain the data and facts necessary to achieve the objectives; the primary source of human, representing the students University of Ain Shams, Egypt and the Sultan Qaboos in the Sultanate of Oman as a community survey; also included university students of different Egyptian, which was observed Methods their use of mobile phones during their attendance at training camp preparing leaders in Helwan during the past four years, as well as during meetings of youth gathered in various universities; in addition to experience the Arab university students during the month of March of each year during their participation in the festival days people in Ain Shams University; as inspiration behind Researcher Data and observations of college students through the Syrian Maisthm 17-day Syria in July 2005 during his presidency of the Egyptian Cultural Delegation to the University of Aleppo [*]. The second source: Documentary (symbolic), represented in the texts and SMS and traded among young people; where they were assembling a text message 1380, including 850 young people a message from Egyptian 0.530 a text message from Egyptian Arab youth Ir. 2 - the research community: The survey sample was limited to only two combined: Ain Shams University in Egypt, and Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. As for the other Arab societies above mentioned, where the researcher was limited to interviews and direct observation and group discussions only. 3 - Sample Search: adopted a survey on the method of sample is intentional (not probability) in the selection of vocabulary, using my way of quota and snowball in the selection of vocabulary, which takes into account the representation of the sample to all colleges, scientific, literary, as well as all the teams academic Paljamotain place of the survey; and get on the vocabulary By knowing the students and the nomination of mobile phone users, provided that the move to its procurement at least 6 months; The sample size was 569 single. 4 - Methods and tools: to achieve the objectives of the research, the study was not limited to survey instrument (questionnaire), but also varied instruments to collect facts and data, as represented in the following: - A - way the social survey, using the questionnaire, designed newspaper questionnaire included five components: the first relates to the data infrastructure; and II: the patterns of use of university students of the phone; and the third is the rationale for their use to him; and fourth: the alienating social and cultural rights of the phone;and last: the effects of phone use on the rules of the educational system. B - How to focus discussion groups, where it was held 8 groups Focal Ain Shams University in February 2005, and 8 groups were held at Sultan Qaboos University in October 2005, use them to ensure collective discussion guide included four axes patterns of phone use, and effects of different. T - Method of direct observation: the researcher adopted the two types of simple observation and mentoring of many of the students within the university, and during the implementation of the activities of student activities, and youth camps long; Note in addition to student behaviors within the lecture halls. W - open interviews, group discussions: the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with many of the students of Egyptian and Arab universities which his presence was made available to them; addition to the dialogues and discussions with students during the lectures. C - content analysis using the method to read the text: it was analyzed the content of text and picture messages that have been collected and categorized in order to see patterns and meanings that are reflected to reveal the values and orientations of university students. 5 - Plan field study and data analysis: After determining the goal of the study and the systematic development of the plan it, and develop tools to collect information, the researcher began to collect data, facts and observations Alamberiqih. The survey was carried out on the two time periods, where the first phase was implemented in the Ain Shams University, during the period from November 2004 until March 2005. The second phase has been implemented during the period from September to October 2005 after the transfer of a researcher to work at Sultan Qaboos University. During the period from 2004 to 2005 and the researcher was able to collect data and observations of many, about the usage patterns of university youth Arab mobile phone and various effects. Either the data analysis, the researcher used the SPSS statistical system in the analysis of data, depending on the methods of descriptive analysis (the relative weights for all variables), and the use of simple descriptive comparison between the Egyptian youth and youth markets. Sixth, the final results: The study concluded to a culture of mobile phone I have a young Arab, the culture that formed gradually its elements the material of devices and technologies different, and the normative elements of style uses diverse, and Toukatadth and reflected in the standards, values, attitudes and knowledge, and the pose of the conscience , and their effects on social structure. This can be illustrated in the following points: - 1 - on the level of young people use the phone: The study found the rule to use university students of the phone, and follow up on all new phones in the world, tracking the various advanced techniques and use them. As it turns out that the mobile phone has led to change the style of interaction and social communication between individuals, through phone calls and conversations, and communicate via Instant different forms, Kaltrussel script, and multicast communication multimedia with text, shapes and forms, video clips and Internet; which led to the the formation of a culture of mobile messages between individuals, especially young people.The study found that drivers use the phone in the social interaction is determined to communicate with friends and family, keeping notes, and arrange appointments, time management, leisure and entertainment and full of leisure time, and pride and to uphold the self, and follow-up news and events. Shows the predominance of negative character on the use of Arab youth of the phone, where the focus is on the beneficial uses, and talks love and emotional, especially through text messages. 2 - at the level of social influences: The study revealed the existence of the effects of social and cultural uses of university students of the mobile phone, including what is positive is to confirm the communication between the family and children, and the ability to follow and they are outside the home, especially girls, and the family's ability to exercise social control; However, the effects of negative social nature of mobile phone use was the most obvious among Arab university students, where it became clear the following: - A - reformulation of family relations, as a result change the rules and standards control of social behavior among family members in both societies, has been represented in the violation of traditional rules of behavior of the family, which enabled the mobile phone to facilitate talks between the young people of both sexes without the knowledge of the family, at times late into the night After the immortality of the parents to sleep, and the absence of siblings, especially adult males; and helping to spread lies among young people and their families, and raise doubts among everyone, in addition to the reporting of news, disclosing the secrets of the family to the others, which led to a lot of tensions family. B - increase the degree of social alienation among young university, and isolation for driving the general social, Bankvaúh self, and unite with his mobile, and reduced social relations to less limited number of friends, especially friends, and communicate with them on the clock, and stay away from those around friends and colleagues, and even family members, which led to the weakness and Dialogues necessarily personal, social interactions and face-to-face, and the loss of the social significance of the social sessions, even within the family, and then the loss of social sociability. C - Increase the shift in patterns of social values, and contribute to the values of capitalism, those values that are calling for individual, professional, and interest in profit, or gain quick easy, and attention to appearance, and away from the collective values, and traditional.Has allowed the spread of mobile ad valorem system mounting among young university community study, both characterized by the values of the attention and emphasis on phenotypic and pride, social and flaunt, and the tendency to consumption Albzkhi and recreation, and the tendency to borrow, debt, loss of values of rationalization. D - the prevalence of types of aberrations and aberrant behaviors that fall outside the rules of public taste, fitness and social, behavioral Calanhrav, and resort to the publication of false news, and traded among themselves, and polluting the reputation of other peers and professors. E - Freedom of places and local environments, and ease of movement outside the community. Has enabled mobile phone - a means of communication - individuals from communication and social interaction over long distances, in any place and time, and overcome all barriers and spatial emancipation of them, and not feel alienated, or social isolation, and bear periods of absence from the family, during the study, or during long flights , especially the Omani society as a result characterized by terrain and rugged mountains, and the distances between places, and the presence of the vast majority (more than 90% of university students) alienated from their families. 3 - The effects of educational level: the field study ended to the existence of positive effects of the mobile phone within the education system, and the other negative. And demonstrated positive effects in the confirmation of communication between students and each other, and communicate with the university administration, particularly among students of Sultan Qaboos University, and communicate with faculty members, to inquire about some of the problems of education, and know the results of examinations. The negative effects in the educational field, which revealed by the study, was in violation of the rules of the educational system, and are: reformulation of the general rules of social behavior on campus, and the tendency to follow the behavior give rise to nuisance, and not taking into account the public taste. As it turns out violation of young people to the rules of the educational system, and overcome the existing rules in an academic, particularly with regard to breaking the rules dealing and respect within the classroom, where the preoccupation of the majority of the students, but autism phone during a lecture, and isolation from the professor, and send and receive messages, and exchange of information and Never Ending and jokes among them, which led to the low level of academic achievement of students. In addition, to help spread the phenomenon of cheating in examinations, and devising new ways to relay and receive answers to exam questions without the knowledge of others, especially after the creation of a modern IT services "Kalplotot." - Proposals: Based on the previous view, and based on previous findings, it is clear the impact of the cultural context of local social and global spread and facilitate the culture of using the mobile phone I have a young Arab, that context which is characterized by development and the rapid growth of technology and in terms of information; in addition to the growth trends of capitalism and the spread of corporate capitalism in the field of communications and the search for mechanisms renewed to appeal to and attract the largest number of consumers to their services, thus enhancing the culture of consumption, particularly in the area used the young people of the mobile phone that, and made available from the privacy and freedom of an integrated communication and social interaction; this situation requires the concerted efforts of different counter the effects of those phenomena; and addressed the negative effects of the use of technology, particularly the means of communication must consider the following: - 1 - the need to allocate units or departments within the research centers of social and educational measures, to monitor cultural phenomena - emerging social, associated with social change, technological progress, Kalmalomatah, and the Internet, mobile phones, and engineering Genetic .. etc; and diagnosis effects Almtpadrh between these phenomena and elements of constructionsocial, and their impact on individuals, and provide immediate solutions to cope with their effects, and a culture of integrated aspects about the rationalization of their uses. 2 - the need to hold conferences and scientific seminars will discuss the developments Altknolologih and their impact on the social construction Bnzation different, and identify different ways to rationalize the use and the possibility of reducing their effects, and contribute to the formulation and dissemination of culture positive about the technology, and to maximize the benefit from them, especially in the field of education and training. 3 - The importance of completing the scientific meetings to formulate the Charter of the Arab over an Arab mobile phone use, particularly among adolescents and young adults, and determine the necessary rules to limit the use of the Poor, and dangers of negative ethics, standards and system of social values. 4 - the formation of a positive culture in relation to the rationalization of the use and guidance of individuals to exploit mobile phone and best use, and strengthen its role in social interaction. Requires the elimination of this situation, the development-oriented culture; culture is characterized by dynamic, flexible, and the power of influence and persuasion, and the ability to illustrate the devastating effects of the misuse of the phone. In order to acquire culture, these qualities must be based on scientific grounds, and relies on activating the role of institutions entrusted with the task of producing culture, and government institutions, religious institutions and civil society organizations Kalahzab, trade unions, NGOs, voluntary bodies believe in the need to confront the negative impacts of the use of technology 5 - the need to develop a set of procedures and rules governing the use of mobile phone interaction and social communication within the education system, particularly with regard to their use in the classroom and during lectures, during the tests, and the reduction of fraud (fraud, mail, or cell phone), as well as determine its use, and to avoid random noise and social interaction on campus. Eighth: The references and footnotes: 88 reference, of whom 4 References Arab .84 foreign reference. [*] Was the researcher responsible for the overall supervision of the care sector of youth and students at Ain Shams University during the period from 2002 until the end of 2005 and is responsible for all meetings and local and international festivals held or shared by the university, which was made available his notes Amberiqih great about the phenomenon. Posted by d. Abdulwahab quality Hayyes 1:30 in the labels: the social impacts of mobile phone use
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